A number of nouns do not normally add 's' in the plural, but may do under certain circumstances.
'S' may be added to certain nouns when talking about different varieties of the noun, but not when talking about a quantity of the noun, or about the noun in general.
Here are some examples:
Bread(s)
Most of the bread we eat is baked at home. (This is about a quantity of bread.)
'. . .focus your efforts on learning how to shape your breads well.' (The Independent)
(This is about different varieties of bread.)
Fruit(s)
I keep a bowl of fruit in my kitchen. (This is about a quantity of fruit.)
If you look in the frozen section at your local supermarket, you are likely to find a selection of berries labelled 'summer fruits'. The term, 'fruits of the forest' is also in regular use and refers to another selection of mixed berries.
Meat(s)
There's plenty of meat in the freezer. (This is about a quantity of meat.)
'Sweet peppers make a great addition to grilled meats and fish.' (BBC Good Food)
(This is about different varieties of meat.)
Milk(s)
Milk is a source of calcium. (This is about milk in general.)
'The different milks tend to vary according to the way they are produced.'
(The Dairy Council)
(This is about different varieties of milk.)
Sugar(s)
Fizzy drinks contain a lot of sugar. (This is about a quantity of sugar.)
'A new WHO guideline recommends adults and children reduce their daily intake of free sugars to less than 10% of their total energy.' (World Health Organisation)
(This is about different varieties of sugar.)
Another case where 's' would be added to sugar is when talking about teaspoons of sugar in tea or coffee. If someone was asked what they take in their tea, they might answer,
'milk and two sugars, please.'
(They really mean, two teaspoons of sugar.)
Wine(s)
I have a lot of wine in my cellar. (This is about wine in general.)
'French polish: three wines from Bordeaux'. (The Guardian.)
(This is about different varieties of wine.)
Other nouns that fall into this category include:
aluminium
beer
cheese
coffee
cream
flour
food
leather
metal
pasta
plastic
porcelain
rice
salt
tea
wood
wool
Part 3 of this post will focus on nouns that sometimes have 's' added to them in the plural, for other reasons.
Please feel free to comment on or disagree with what is written here.
I blog about editing, proofreading, and the English language.
Comments and suggestions are welcome.
Many of the phrasal verbs and idioms addressed in this blog were highlighted during an English conversation class I ran a few years ago. I’m grateful to those who attended this for helping me see my native language from a different perspective.
Most of the examples used are quotes from news articles. Click on the links (in yellow) to view the full article.
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