RESPECTIVELY

Some writers seem to be particularly fond of the word, “respectively,” so much so that they scatter it, like confetti, within their documents. 😊 Alternatively, it is tagged, indiscriminately, onto the ends of sentences.

It is stated in the Oxford Dictionary that “respectively” means “in the order already mentioned.”


Example

The estimated populations of Scotland and England in 2013 were 5.3 million and 53.9 million, respectively.

The use of “respectively” in this sentence indicates that the population estimates are listed in the same order as the countries. (It was estimated that there were 5.3 million people in Scotland and 53.9 million people in England.)


It would not be correct to write:

In the year ending 30th June 2013, there were 792,400 births and 580,300 deaths in the UK, respectively.

In this case, the word “respectively” is redundant as both figures refer to the UK.


(Figures are provided by the Office for National Statistics.)


Other appropriate uses of “respectively” are:

“The Lego Movie sequel is pencilled in for a 2018 release, with the Ninjago and Batman films pegged for 2016 and 2017, respectively.”

(“Respectively” indicates that the expected release years, 2016 and 2017, refer to the Ninjago and Batman films, in that order.)


“The cost of filling up the tank and stocking up on groceries fell year-on-year by 16.2% and 2.5%, respectively, in January and led to the lowest levels of consumer price inflation seen since the 1960s.”

(The cost of filling up the tank fell by 16.2%, while the cost of stocking up on groceries fell by 2.5%.)


“Respectively” should be used only when two or more pieces of information refer back to the same number of previously mentioned items. (In the previous examples, the two release years refer to two films, and the two percentages refer to two budget items.)


Photo credits: Jörg Brinckheger (Creative Commons) & Minale Tattersfield (Creative Commons)

Updated Saturday 21 March 2020

PROTECTION OF, AGAINST OR FROM?

Many organisations exist to protect people, animals, things or values.

e.g. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB),

Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings (SPAB)


When we use the phrase, “protection of” in this context, we mean that whatever follows “of” (such as birds or ancient buildings) must be protected.


The phrase, “protection of” can also be used in another context.

A recent article in the Glasgow Herald was entitled, “Whistleblowers need full protection of the law”. This means that whistleblowers must be protected by the law.


We also use the phrases “protection against” and “protection from.”

A government document published last year is entitled: “Improving protection against meningitis C leaflet”. This is about protecting people from a dangerous illness, by vaccination and vigilance.

“Urgent calls for protection against storms; mountain roads closed” was published in the Cyprus Mail today, indicating that people and property need protection from storms.

The word, “against” could be replaced with “from” in either of these titles, without changing the meaning.

Similarly, “from” in “Protection from online bullying and harassment” could be replaced with “against”.

Generally, “protection against” and “protection from” are interchangeable.

Photo credit: Jimmy Edmonds (Creative Commons)